Most people agree it was nothing more than a planning exercise, but a key part of War Plan Red was the invasion of Canada. It involved U.S. military operations in Halifax, which would be targeted by a poison gas attack to prevent the Royal Navy from using the port, as well as Niagara Falls (power plants), Montreal, Quebec City, Toronto, Winnipeg (minerals and rail), Vancouver, Victoria, and other locations. For its part, the Canadian government drafted Defence Scheme No. 1, conceived by Lt.-Col. James “Buster” Sutherland Brown, which proposed pre-emptive strikes on a number of U.S. border cities to buy time until support from the British Empire arrived.
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